![]() The teacher gave the test back to a pupil yesterday at school. Der Lehrer hat dem Schüler den Test gestern in der Schule zurückgegeben. At school yesterday, the teacher gave the test back to a pupil. Example: In der Schule hat der Lehrer gestern den Test einem Schüler zurückgegeben. ![]() To really emphasise one of these parts of the sentence, put it after the direct object. The indirect object, time, and place are interchangeable. The teacher gave the pupil back a test yesterday at school. Example: Der Lehrer hat dem Schüler gestern in der Schule einen Test zurückgegeben. The book introduces German people and culture through the medium of the language used today, covering the core material which students would expect to encounter in their first years of learning German. Remember that we use the indefinite article ( ein.) to mentioning something for the first time i.e. Basic German: A Grammar and Workbook comprises an accessible reference grammar and related exercises in a single volume. If the direct object is being used with an indefinite article, it must always come after the time and place. The teacher gave it ( the test) back to him ( the pupil) yesterday at school. Example: Der Lehrer hat ihn (den Test) ihm (dem Schüler) gestern in der Schule zurückgegeben. ![]() After all, pronouns replace nouns that have already been mentioned or are assumed to be known. Unknown or new information is put further towards the end of the sentence.įor this reason, when the direct object is a pronoun, it comes before the indirect object. Something that is already known or is assumed to be known, is placed closer to the beginning of a sentence. Personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, reflexive pronouns, relative pronouns, and interrogative pronouns are all explained in the following pages. German has four noun cases and masculine, feminine, and neuter genders. It belongs to the West Germanic group of the Germanic languages. Therefore, the part of the sentences that creates this relationship goes in the first position. Pronouns, Pronomen in German, replace nouns.In German grammar, pronouns are declined or inflected depending on what case they are in. German language, Official language of Germany and Austria and one of the official languages of Switzerland, used by more than 100 million speakers. In texts and written German, it’s important to connect sentences to each other according to their content. Besides the basic rules, there are many more possibilities for how to arrange the parts of a sentence in German.
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